作者：何文超
爱可生南区交付服务部 DBA 团队成员，主要负责MySQL故障处理，MySQL高可用架构改造，OceanBase相关技术支持。爱好足球，羽毛球。
本文来源：原创投稿
*爱可生开源社区出品，原创内容未经授权不得随意使用，转载请联系小编并注明来源。
OceanBase 单机环境部署可参考： https://opensource.actionsky.com/20221207-oceanbase/
一. 租户首次使用的步骤
| 步骤 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| 01.创建资源单元 | 指定每个单元要使用CPU（逻辑限制）、Memory（硬限制）、IOPS（不限制）、DISK（不限制） 资源分配时不要超过__ALL_VIRTUAL_SERVER_STAT剩余的可用资源 |
| 02.创建资源池 | 资源池需要指定资源单元以及要使用的zone |
| 03.创建租户 | 创建租户指定副本数量，指定资源池，执行租户类型oracle、mysql。社区版仅支持mysql版 |
| 04.在租户上创建用户 | 用户是最终提交给终端用户使用的账号 |
| 05.提供使用 | 将账号提供给终端用户，视实际情况赋予相应权限 |
二. 创建 wms_tenant 租户（mysql类型）
创建资源单元
create resource unit wms_unit1 max_cpu=5,min_cpu=2,memory_size='2G';
创建资源池
create resource pool wms_pool1 unit 'wms_unit1',unit_num 1;
创建wms_tenant租户（mysql类型，三副本）
CREATE TENANT IF NOT EXISTS wms_tenant charset='utf8mb4',replica_num=3, zone_list=('zone1','zone2','zone3'), primary_zone='RANDOM',comment 'mysql tenant/instance', resource_pool_list=('wms_pool1') set ob_tcp_invited_nodes='%',ob_compatibility_mode='mysql';
创建完租户后，查看现在的资源单元配置数据：sys_unit_config（sys 租户资源单元）和wms_unit1一共占用4G，加上之前500租户（系统租户）的1G，已经达到 memory_limit 的设置。
obclient [oceanbase]> select svr_ip,svr_port,zone,round((cpu_capacity_max-cpu_assigned_max),2) 'cpu_free_num',cpu_capacity_max 'cpu_total_num',round((mem_capacity-mem_assigned)/1024/1024/1024,2) 'mem_free_GB', round(memory_limit/1024/1024/1024,2) 'mem_total_GB' from gv$ob_servers; +-----------+----------+-------+--------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+ | svr_ip | svr_port | zone | cpu_free_num | cpu_total_num | mem_free_GB | mem_total_GB | +-----------+----------+-------+--------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+ | 127.0.0.1 | 2882 | zone1 | 24.00 | 30 | 15.00 | 20.00 | +-----------+----------+-------+--------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+ 1 row in set (0.002 sec) obclient [oceanbase]> SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS; +----------------+-----------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+ | UNIT_CONFIG_ID | NAME | CREATE_TIME | MODIFY_TIME | MAX_CPU | MIN_CPU | MEMORY_SIZE | LOG_DISK_SIZE | MAX_IOPS | MIN_IOPS | IOPS_WEIGHT | +----------------+-----------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | sys_unit_config | 2023-02-14 16:41:47.535108 | 2023-02-14 16:41:47.535108 | 1 | 1 | 2147483648 | 2147483648 | 10000 | 10000 | 1 | | 1006 | wms_unit1 | 2023-02-17 15:28:49.420064 | 2023-02-17 15:28:49.420064 | 5 | 2 | 2147483648 | 6442450944 | 20000 | 20000 | 2 | +----------------+-----------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+
三. 资源单元
3.1 查看资源单元
(默认已经有了一个sys资源单元，新建的单元为wms_unit1) obclient [oceanbase]> SELECT * FROM oceanbase.__all_unit_config; +----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+ | gmt_create | gmt_modified | unit_config_id | name | max_cpu | min_cpu | memory_size | log_disk_size | max_iops | min_iops | iops_weight | +----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+ | 2023-02-14 16:41:47.535108 | 2023-02-14 16:41:47.535108 | 1 | sys_unit_config | 1 | 1 | 2147483648 | 2147483648 | 10000 | 10000 | 1 | | 2023-02-17 15:28:49.420064 | 2023-02-17 15:28:49.420064 | 1006 | wms_unit1 | 5 | 2 | 2147483648 | 6442450944 | 20000 | 20000 | 2 | +----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------+-----------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set (0.002 sec) obclient [oceanbase]> SELECT * FROM oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS; +----------------+-----------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+ | UNIT_CONFIG_ID | NAME | CREATE_TIME | MODIFY_TIME | MAX_CPU | MIN_CPU | MEMORY_SIZE | LOG_DISK_SIZE | MAX_IOPS | MIN_IOPS | IOPS_WEIGHT | +----------------+-----------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | sys_unit_config | 2023-02-14 16:41:47.535108 | 2023-02-14 16:41:47.535108 | 1 | 1 | 2147483648 | 2147483648 | 10000 | 10000 | 1 | | 1006 | wms_unit1 | 2023-02-17 15:28:49.420064 | 2023-02-17 15:28:49.420064 | 5 | 2 | 2147483648 | 6442450944 | 20000 | 20000 | 2 | +----------------+-----------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+-------------+
3.2 修改资源单元
修改多个资源 ALTER RESOURCE UNIT wms_unit1 MAX_CPU 8,MIN_CPU=3,MAX_IOPS=30000; 修改某一个资源 ALTER RESOURCE UNIT wms_unit1 MAX_CPU 5; 修改资源时MAX资源不能小于MIN资源
3.3 删除资源单元
删除未被使用的资源单元 MySQL [oceanbase]> drop resource unit wms_unit1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec) 删除已经被分配的资源单元 obclient [oceanbase]> DROP RESOURCE UNIT wms_unit1; ERROR 4634 (HY000): resource unit 'wms_unit1' is referenced by some resource pool 一：如果ut1被分配且需要删除，可以先创建资源单元 wms_unit2 ，并将 wms_unit2 指定给 wms_pool1 后，再删除wms_unit1; obclient [oceanbase]> create resource unit wms_unit2 max_cpu=5,min_cpu=3,memory_size='2G'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.012 sec) obclient [oceanbase]> alter resource pool wms_pool1 unit 'wms_unit2'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.009 sec) obclient [oceanbase]> drop resource unit wms_unit1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec) 二：或者先删租户，再删资源池，再删资源单元;
四. 资源池
4.1 创建资源池
MySQL [oceanbase]> create resource pool wms_pool2 unit 'wms_unit2',unit_num 1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.012 sec)
4.2 删除资源池
MySQL [oceanbase]> drop resource pool wms_pool2;
五. 租户
5.1 创建租户
创建名为 test_tenant 的一个 3 副本的租户
CREATE TENANT IF NOT EXISTS wms_tenant charset='utf8mb4',replica_num=3, zone_list=('zone1','zone2','zone3'), primary_zone='RANDOM',comment 'mysql tenant/instance', resource_pool_list=('wms_pool1') set ob_tcp_invited_nodes='%',ob_compatibility_mode='mysql';
ob_tcp_invited_nodes='%' 白名单这个最好设上，否则首次登录报错ERROR 1227 (42501): Access denied。不过也可以用命令改一下这个参数。ALTER TENANT test_tenant SET VARIABLES ob_tcp_invited_nodes='%';
ob_compatibility_mode='mysql' 社区版只支持mysql租户。
5.2 删除租户
（1）当系统租户开启回收站功能时：表示删除的租户会进入回收站 obclient> DROP TENANT tenant_name; （2）当系统租户关闭回收站功能时：表示延迟删除租户 obclient> DROP TENANT tenant_name; （3）无论系统租户是否开启回收站功能：删除的租户均不进入回收站，仅延迟删除租户 obclient> DROP TENANT tenant_name PURGE; （4）无论系统租户是否开启回收站功能：均可以立刻删除租户 obclient> DROP TENANT tenant_name FORCE;
5.3 切换租户
不退出sys租户，切换到wms_tenant租户 obclient [oceanbase]> alter system change tenant wms_tenant; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec) obclient [oceanbase]> SHOW TENANT; +---------------------+ | Current_tenant_name | +---------------------+ | wms_tenant | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.025 sec) 切换回sys租户 obclient [oceanbase]> alter system change tenant sys; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec) obclient [oceanbase]> SHOW TENANT; +---------------------+ | Current_tenant_name | +---------------------+ | sys | +---------------------+
5.4 修改租户
修改租户资源
修改租户 tenant1 的 Primary Zone 为 zone2
ALTER TENANT tenant1 primary_zone='zone2';
其中 F 表示副本类型为全功能型副本， B_4 为新增的 Zone 名称。、
ALTER TENANT tenant1 locality="F@B_1,F@B_2,F@B_3,F@B_4";
不支持修改租户资源池
ALTER TENANT tenant1 resource_pool_list=('pool2');
ERROR 1210 (HY000): Incorrect arguments to resource pool list
修改租户变量
ALTER TENANT test_tenant SET VARIABLES ob_tcp_invited_nodes='%';
5.5 查看租户参数
登录或切换到test_tenant租户 查看所有参数 MySQL [oceanbase]> show variables ; MySQL [oceanbase]> show variables like 'ob_tcp_invited_nodes'; +----------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-------+ | ob_tcp_invited_nodes | % | +----------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.002 sec)
六. 创建用户链接租户
使用root登录到新建的test_tenant租户中 [admin@dbdriver ~]$ obclient -h127.0.0.3 -P2881 -uroot@wms_tenant -c -Doceanbase -p 只要登录的租户正确，那么创建用户的操作基本就和myql道理相同了 MySQL [(none)]> CREATE USER 'user1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'welcome1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.011 sec) MySQL [oceanbase]> grant select on test.* to user1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.014 sec) 新建用户测试登录 [root@localhost ~]# obclient -h127.0.0.1 -P2881 -uuser1@wms_tenant -p -A Enter password: Welcome to the OceanBase. Commands end with ; or \g. Your OceanBase connection id is 3221703464 Server version: OceanBase_CE 4.0.0.0 (r103000022023011215-05bbad0279302d7274e1b5ab79323a2c915c1981) (Built Jan 12 2023 15:28:27) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, OceanBase and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. obclient [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | test | +--------------------+
七. 数据字典
| 数据库 | 字典 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| oceanbase | __all_unit_config | 资源单元，情况 |
| oceanbase | __all_virtual_server_stat | 虚拟服务器资源，资源单元分配要考虑从中计算 |
| oceanbase | __all_resource_pool | 资源池信息 |
| oceanbase | __all_tenant | 租户信息基表 |
| oceanbase | gv$tenant | 租户信息视图-基表是__all_tenant |